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Research

4CMenB vaccine and its role in preventing transmission and inducing herd immunity

Vaccination is the most effective method of protecting people from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Of all the capsular groups, B is the most common cause of invasive meningococcal disease in many parts of the world. Despite this, adolescent meningococcal B vaccine programs have not been implemented globally, partly due to the lack of evidence for herd immunity afforded by meningococcal B vaccines.

Research

Real world impact of 13vPCV in preventing invasive pneumococcal pneumonia in Australian children: A national study

We aimed to assess the direct protective effect of 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) against invasive pneumococcal pneumonia (IPP; including pneumonia and empyema) in children using a nation-wide case-control study across 11 paediatric tertiary hospitals in Australia.

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Nurses are underutilised in antimicrobial stewardship - Results of a multisite survey in paediatric and adult hospitals

Nurses consider antimicrobial stewardship activities within their roles, but are underutilised in antimicrobial stewardship programs

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Rhinovirus is the most common virus and rhinovirus-C is the most common species in paediatric intensive care respiratory admissions

This is the first report examining the role of different rhinovirus species in ARIs in children admitted to a tertiary PICU

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Using pneumococcal carriage studies to monitor vaccine impact in low- and middle-income countries

We review the role of pneumococcal carriage studies for the evaluation of PCVs in LMICs and discuss optimal methods for conducting these studies

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Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in an Australian population: A case-control study

RV1 and RV5 were both effective in preventing laboratory confirmed and notified rotavirus infections among children aged <5 years

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Assessment of on-time vaccination coverage in population subgroups: A record linkage cohort study

On-time coverage of the 2-4-6 month schedule is only 50-60% across specific population subgroups representing a significant avoidable public health risk

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Paediatric antimicrobial stewardship and safe prescribing: An assessment of medical staff knowledge and behaviour

Participants demonstrated a good understanding of safe prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship

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Meta-taxonomic analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut flora in stool samples from visceral leishmaniasis cases and endemic controls in Bihar State India

We evaluate a meta-taxonomic approach to determine the composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut microflora using sequencing of 16S RNA and 18S rRNA

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Mandatory vaccination and no fault vaccine injury compensation schemes: An identification of country-level policies

Countries that mandate childhood vaccination without providing no fault compensation schemes could be seen as abrogating the social contract